The Pp-Index compares the tolerances of the process (how it should be) to the process spread (how it is). The long-term standard deviation sLT is calculated using long term data, usually 25-50 samples within a longer time frame representing all process variation – i.e. months.
Calculation:
Pp = (USL – LSL) / 6sLT
Assumptions:
- Data are representative of the process
- The process is stable (no special causes)
- Data are normally distributed
Attention:
- In contrast to the Ppk index, the Pp index does not consider the center of the process! For the example below, the Cp indices of process A and process B are the same. However, process A is obviously better than process B as there are fewer defective parts.
- In contrast to the Cp Index, the Pp index is used to describe the capability of the process considering long term variation.
Read also: Cpk, Process Capability
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